Publications | Umweltbundesamt

Chemicals, Agriculture

Environmental risks of pesticides between forecast and reality: How reliable are results of the environmental risk assessment for individual products in the light of agricultural practice (tank mixtures, spray series)?

In our fields, several plant protection products (PPPs) are often applied at the same time and/or in sequence. In the current authorisation, however, PPPs are only evaluated individually. As a result, effects from typical PPP applications often remain undetected and represent a problematic and alarming gap in the authorisation of PPPs.The authors of the present study evaluated almost 900 PPP spray...read more

Sustainability | Strategies | International matters

Migration, environment and climate change

The linkages between climate change, environmental degradation, and migration are complex and multidimensional, with environmental change affecting human mobility in multiple ways. This final report provides an overview of key findings and identified gaps in data and knowledge, national climate policies and strategies, project planning and funding, regional responses, and international policy proc...read more

Climate | Energy

Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol 2021

National Inventory Report for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 – 2019

As a Party to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (⁠UNFCCC⁠), since 1994 Germany has been obliged to prepare, publish and regularly update national emission inventories of greenhouse gases. Pursuant to Decision 24/CP.19, all Parties listed in ANNEX I of the UNFCCC are required to prepare and submit annual National Inventory Reports (NIRs) containing detailed and complete information on...read more

Climate | Energy

Development of guidance for nonmarket approaches in the Paris Agreement

Operationalizing Articles 6.8 and 6.9 of the Paris Agreement

In addition to market mechanisms, Article 6 of the Paris Agreement (PA) defines "non-market approaches", which are explored in more detail in this project. At the request of some developing countries, these approaches stand as a complement to the market mechanisms for cooperation in meeting the mitigation contributions of the PA and are intended to enable a holistic approach to the goals of mitiga...read more

Climate | Energy

Carbon Pricing Potential in East and South Asia

Interim report

A broad consensus exists that carbon pricing is key for cost-effective emission reductions and that it must play a major role in driving the transition to a climate-neutral economy. However, despite significant progress in wider climate policy uptake in recent years, the vast majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain unpriced. Making a success of carbon pricing in individual jurisdictions...read more

Climate | Energy

Structural Supply Side Management in EU ETS

Reviewing the Market Stability Reserve

The review of the market stability reserve (MSR) is one of the key elements of the forthcoming reform of the EU ETS. This report assesses if the MSR is designed in a way that it can fulfil its pur-pose to provide sufficient supply-side flexibility under the cap. The authors discuss different op-tions for adapting and complementing the MSR parameters, such as the intake rate and thresholds for inte...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

Emissions trading in pursuit of electricity decarbonisation - market structures and regulations matter

Synthesis report

This report assesses the role of emissions trading systems (ETS) in electricity sector decarbonization through analyses  of carbon market designs and interactions with electricity market regulations, market structures and additional  policies. It provides a synthesis of five case studies in EU, California, South Korea, China and Mexico. The authors investigate four carbon price quality criteria (v...read more

Climate | Energy, Economy | Consumption

The Korea Emissions Trading System and electricity market

Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market

Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interacti...read more